Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main phytocannabinoids present in the Cannabis sativa plant, along with THC. Cannabidiol has multiple pharmacological targets. CBD has a very low affinity for the CB1 receptor, which explains why it is not a "cannabis mimetic" and does not have the psychoactive effects of THC. CBD has a pleiotropic action, notably on serotonin receptors (5HT1A), on dopamine D2 receptors, on GABA receptors, on the TRP or transient receptor potential channel, as well as on glutamatergic systems, which could explain certain neurological and psychoactive effects. As such, its action in the brain (via these cerebral receptors) makes it a psychoactive product in its own right.
Isolated in 1963, cannabidiol, better known as CBD, is gradually becoming one of the most widely used natural alternatives for treating a wide range of common ailments.
Until recently, it was the psychoactive component of cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), that received the most attention due to its medicinal benefits and ability to produce psychotropic effects. Today, as medical cannabis gains ground across the country, researchers are discovering the amazing properties of new cannabinoids.
Cannabidiol is a cannabinoid with a variety of claimed effects. Because of its many medical benefits, CBD is used to treat a number of common conditions, including chronic pain,inflammation, seizures,insomnia, spasms, multiple sclerosis and mental disorders such asanxiety and depression.
As a topical agent, CBD oil can be applied directly to certain areas of the body as an effective means of relieving pain, reducing inflammation and alleviating inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis andeczema.
As CBD oil is non-psychoactive, its use does not create a mind-altering effect unlike THC.
In the human body, CBD, like all cannabinoids, interacts with the endocannabinoid system, which is disseminated throughout the body.
Its action is exerted via CB1 receptors (present mainly in the brain and central nervous system), for which it has only a weak antagonistic affinity. In this way, it is able to attenuate some of the effects of THC (which has a high affinity for the CB1 receptor).
It is also a reverse agonist for CB2 receptors (mainly found in the peripheral nervous system and immune system organs), for which it has a high affinity, giving it homeostasis-controlling properties.
CBD has multiple mechanisms of action:
CBD has relaxing and soothing properties, and reduces stress. In particular, it is said to have anxiolytic effects, providing numerous benefits for people suffering from post-traumatic stress.
CBD also has positive effects on mood, as well as sedative properties that improve sleep. It also has a potentialanti-psychotic effect, helping patients suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and other mental disorders. What's more, unlike other antipsychotic drugs, CBD has no side effects.
With regard to anxiolytic effects, several studies, mainly carried out on animals, suggest that CBD reduces stress and anxiety in both their behavioral and physiological aspects. It would even appear that anxiolytic effects can be observed when taking small doses of CBD, i.e. less than 5 mg per kilo. Clinical studies with human subjects support this view, suggesting that CBD is indeed effective in reducing anxiety.
More specifically, CBD inhibits tumor growth by limiting the migration of cancer cells, thus preventing the appearance of metastases. It also activates apoptosis (a process by which cells trigger their own self-destruction). It is thus effective against various tumor diseases and cancers. What's more, through its neuroprotective effects, CBD can reduce the severity of symptoms in certain neurodegenerative diseases. For example, it can prevent certain cognitive disorders inAlzheimer's patients, or in people suffering from diabetes; it reducesarterial hypertension, which can lead to long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease, and may even stabilize blood sugar levels.
The efficacy of CBD in preventing or treating serious and/or chronic illnesses has so far been widely studied and documented. CBD provides beneficial effects in the treatment of several diseases in which immune system activation is involved, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, type I and type II diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, arthritis and other brain disorders or inflammations. In particular, it has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, i.e. it stimulates or slows down immune system reactions, as well as neuroprotective effects by protecting brain cells. For example, several animal studies have shown a reduction in the growth of cancerous tumors and inhibition of metastasis with CBD administration.
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