What is actinic keratosis?
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin condition caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, either from the sun or from artificial sources such as tanning beds. It generally manifests itself as rough, scaly lesions on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, hands, and scalp in bald people.
What are the symptoms of actinic keratosis?
Symptoms include rough patches of skin and scaly patches that may be pink, red or brown in color. These lesions can sometimes become itchy or painful, and occasionally bleed. Their texture can be compared to sandpaper, and they can vary in size.
How can actinic keratosis be prevented?
Actinic keratosis prevention focuses primarily on protection against UV rays. Here are a few effective measures:
What are the treatment options for actinic keratosis?
Treatments for actinic keratosis vary according to the extent and severity of the lesions:
How is actinic keratosis diagnosed?
A dermatologist can often diagnose actinic keratosis by visual examination of the lesions. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to rule out the development of cancerous cells. This procedure involves taking a small sample of tissue for further laboratory analysis.
Can actinic keratosis develop into cancer?
Yes, although actinic keratosis is itself a precancerous lesion, it can evolve into squamous cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer, if left untreated. That's why it's crucial to monitor any changes in the appearance of lesions, and to consult a healthcare professional for regular assessment.
What is the prognosis for someone with actinic keratosis?
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis is generally very favorable. Treatment can prevent progression to skin cancer and minimize the associated risks. However, people who have had actinic keratoses are advised to maintain regular follow-up with a dermatologist and to continue protecting their skin from the sun.
How common is actinic keratosis in adults?
Actinic keratosis is very common in adults, especially those over the age of 50, although young adults can also be affected by intense and prolonged sun exposure. Statistics indicate that this condition affects around 58 million Americans, and the figures are comparable in Europe, particularly in Mediterranean countries where sun exposure is higher.
Are there genetic factors influencing actinic keratosis?
Yes, certain genetic factors can predispose individuals to actinic keratosis. People with fair skin, blue or green eyes, and red or blond hair have a higher risk of developing this condition due to their low levels of melanin, the pigment that helps protect the skin from UV damage. A family history of actinic keratosis or skin cancer may also increase the risk.
Can actinic keratosis disappear on its own?
In rare cases, actinic keratosis lesions may disappear without treatment, but they generally tend to persist and may even become thicker or multiply. It's crucial not to ignore these lesions, as they can develop into skin cancer. Dermatological follow-up allows us to monitor the evolution of lesions and intervene if necessary.
How can actinic keratosis be distinguished from other skin lesions?
Actinic keratosis can sometimes be confused with other skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema or non-melanoma skin cancer. Actinic keratosis lesions are usually rough, dry and scaly, and are often found on sun-exposed areas. A dermatologist can make an accurate diagnosis through clinical examination and, if necessary, a biopsy to distinguish these conditions.
What is the psychological impact of actinic keratosis?
The psychological impact of actinic keratosis should not be underestimated. Sufferers may experience anxiety due to the appearance of lesions and the fear of progression to cancer. In addition, the need for repeated treatments and frequent visits to the dermatologist can contribute to feelings of stress and worry. It is important that the treatment of actinic keratosis includes appropriate psychological support to help patients manage these aspects.
