What is allergic rhinitis and how does it manifest itself?
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an inflammation of the nasal passages caused by an allergic reaction to airborne allergens such as pollen, dust, animal hair or dust mites. This condition generally manifests itself through symptoms such as a runny nose, repeated sneezing, nasal congestion and itching in the eyes, nose and throat.
What are the main causes of allergic rhinitis?
The main causes of this condition are exposure to airborne allergens. The most common include pollen from various plants, house dust mites, animal dander (dead skin from pets), and molds. Sensitivity to these allergens varies considerably from person to person.
How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed?
Allergic rhinitis is often diagnosed by an allergy specialist. He or she may recommend skin or blood tests to identify the specific allergens responsible for the symptoms. A detailed history of the patient's symptoms is also crucial to an accurate diagnosis.
What are the best treatment methods for allergic rhinitis?
Treatment of allergic rhinitis may include the use of anti-allergic medications, such as antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids and mast cell stabilizers. Avoiding known allergens and improving indoor air quality are also effective measures. In some cases, immunotherapy may be recommended to reduce sensitivity to allergens.
How can allergic rhinitis attacks be prevented?
Preventing attacks mainly involves avoiding allergens. This can include installing air filters in the home, cleaning regularly to reduce the presence of dust and dust mites, and keeping windows closed during periods of heavy pollination. Wearing filter masks can also help when out and about.
What role does diet play in managing allergic rhinitis?
Although allergic rhinitis is mainly triggered by inhaled allergens, diet can play a crucial role in managing symptoms. Certain foods, such as dairy products or highly processed foods, can aggravate symptoms by increasing mucus production. Conversely, a diet rich in omega-3 and antioxidants (found in fresh fruit and vegetables) can help reduce the inflammation associated with allergic reactions.
Can allergic rhinitis be cured?
Allergic rhinitis is a chronic condition that cannot be permanently cured. However, it is possible to effectively manage symptoms with appropriate drug treatments, environmental modifications and, in some cases, long-term therapies such as immunotherapy. The aim is to reduce the impact of symptoms on the patient's daily quality of life.
Is allergic rhinitis hereditary?
Yes, allergic rhinitis can have a hereditary component. If one or both parents suffer from allergies, the risk of their children developing allergies, including allergic rhinitis, is higher. However, many environmental and lifestyle factors also play a role in the development of this condition.
How can you tell the difference between allergic rhinitis and the common cold?
Allergic rhinitis and the common cold share certain symptoms, such as a blocked nose and runny nose. However, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis often last longer and occur at specific times of the year (for example, in spring or autumn). Unlike the common cold, allergic rhinitis is never accompanied by fever, and symptoms include recurrent itching of the eyes, nose or throat.
What impact does allergic rhinitis have on daily life?
Allergic rhinitis can significantly affect sufferers' quality of life. Symptoms can disrupt sleep, diminish concentration and affect performance at work or school. What's more, some treatments may induce drowsiness or other side effects. Proactive symptom management is essential to maintaining a good quality of life.
