What is chamomile?
Chamomile refers to several plant species in the Asteraceae family, the most common of which are German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). Used since ancient times, it is renowned for its soothing, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. It can be found in various forms: infusions, essential oils, hydrolats or dry extracts. Its rich phytotherapeutic profile makes it a major ingredient in the formulation of skin, digestive and nervous system care products.
How to tell German chamomile from Roman chamomile?
Although their properties are often similar, German chamomile (or matricaria) can be recognized by its white flowers and hollow central cone, while Roman chamomile has a flatter flower head and a sweeter fragrance. Chemically, German chamomile contains more azulene, responsible for its bluish hue when distilled into essential oil, as well as its marked anti-inflammatory action. Roman chamomile is characterized by a higher ester content, giving it antispasmodic and calming properties. The choice between one or the other depends on the intended use and personal flavour preferences.
What are the digestive benefits of chamomile?
Chamomile is traditionally used to relieve digestive disorders such as bloating, gas, intestinal spasms or nausea. Its active compounds, such as flavonoids and sesquiterpenes, exert a relaxing action on the smooth muscles of the intestine. This modulation of intestinal motricity helps reduce discomfort and promote better digestion. Chamomile can also stimulate bile secretion, helping to break down fats. It is best used as an infusion, often after meals, to optimize its calming effect and facilitate transit.
Why is chamomile considered soothing?
Chamomile owes its mild sedative properties to specific compounds, notably apigenin. This substance binds to certain receptors in the nervous system, helping to alleviate nervousness, anxiety and occasional insomnia. Consumed as an herbal tea or dietary supplement, it helps regulate stress response and promotes gradual relaxation. Some studies also suggest a potential anxiolytic action, although further research is needed to confirm the extent of this mechanism. In any case, chamomile remains a popular choice for those seeking natural support in times of tension or nervous fatigue.
How does chamomile work on the skin?
On the skin, chamomile is appreciated for its softening and soothing effect. Extracts or hydrolats distilled from the flowers are rich in bisabolol and matricin, two molecules with notable anti-inflammatory action. They reduce itching, redness and irritation, while promoting epidermal repair. Topical use of chamomile is particularly suitable for sensitive skin prone to tightness or mild eczema lesions. In addition, certain formulas, such as chamomile-based creams and lotions, help maintain the skin's protective hydrolipidic film, thus preventing dehydration.
Are there any hair care applications for chamomile?
Chamomile is often used to revive blond and golden highlights in hair, thanks to its natural pigments, which oxidize slightly on contact with air and light. It acts as a gentle, gradual lightening agent, particularly for those with already light shades. In addition to this cosmetic effect, chamomile helps soothe irritated or sensitive scalps. Its anti-inflammatory action can reduce itching and balance sebum production. Chamomile-based hair products and rinses are therefore popular for their multi-functional properties: color maintenance, shine and scalp well-being.
What is the role of chamomile essential oil?
Chamomile essential oil (German or Roman, depending on the plant of origin) concentrates the volatile compounds responsible for its therapeutic properties. German chamomile is distinguished by its high chamazulene content, a powerful anti-inflammatory that gives the oil its characteristic blue color. Roman chamomile, on the other hand, is rich in esters, conducive to muscle relaxation and stress relief. Chamomile essential oil can be used for atmospheric diffusion (to calm the atmosphere), cutaneous application diluted in a vegetable oil (to soothe the skin) or inhalation (to calm the mind). Its potency does, however, justify strict precautions, such as observing the correct dosage and avoiding use in certain sensitive populations (pregnant women, young children, etc.).
Is chamomile suitable for babies and young children?
Chamomile is one of the best-known plants for relieving colic in infants and helping them to fall asleep. As a light herbal tea (often blended with fennel or linden), it can calm tummy aches and reduce restlessness. Externally, chamomile-based lotions or creams help soothe skin irritations or diaper rash. Nevertheless, it is advisable to seek medical advice before offering any remedy to a baby, even a natural one. Dosages and methods of administration should be adapted to the child's age, and chamomile essential oil should not be used on toddlers without professional supervision.
How to prepare a chamomile infusion to maximize its effects?
To make a chamomile infusion with optimal properties:
Use one tablespoon of dried flowers (or one measured sachet) per cup (about 200 ml of water).
Heat water to simmering point (approx. 90-95°C).
Pour the water over the chamomile and cover to preserve the volatile compounds.
Leave to infuse for 5-10 minutes, depending on the desired intensity.
Filter, then enjoy, perhaps with a little honey or lemon.
You can drink up to 3 to 4 cups a day. This soothing drink can be taken after meals to aid digestion, or in the evening for a moment of relaxation.
Does chamomile have any contraindications?
Although chamomile is recognized as safe and well-tolerated by most users, certain precautions are necessary. People allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family (daisy, mugwort, etc.) should be vigilant, as they risk a cross-reaction. High doses or prolonged use of chamomile-based supplements can interact with certain medications (notably anticoagulants). It is therefore always advisable to seek the advice of a health care professional, especially if you are undergoing medical treatment or are pregnant or breast-feeding.
Can chamomile help relieve migraines or headaches?
Thanks to its relaxing properties, chamomile can help alleviate certain headaches associated with nervous tension and muscle spasms. A warm infusion, combined with a moment's rest, can relax the mind and relieve pressure on the temples. However, in the case of chronic or intense migraines, chamomile is no substitute for medical advice and appropriate treatment. Each individual reacts differently to plants, and what works for one may be less effective for another. A holistic approach, including proper hydration and stress management, is often the best solution.
How to store chamomile?
To best preserve its active ingredients, dried chamomile should be stored in an airtight container, away from light, humidity and excessive heat. Essential oils and hydrolats should be stored in opaque bottles, in a cool, dry place. Proper storage avoids oxidation of the volatile molecules and prevents alteration of their therapeutic properties. In general, dried chamomile should be consumed within a year of harvesting, after which it gradually loses its flavor and efficacy.
What are chamomile's culinary uses?
In addition to infusions, chamomile can be used in cooking to flavor a variety of sweet and savory preparations. Its mild, lightly floral taste complements desserts (panna cotta, creams, sorbets) or even certain white fish sauces. In pastries, it adds a refined, delicately honeyed note. It is advisable to infuse it in a liquid (milk, cream) before adding it to a recipe, to release its full aroma. This gastronomic approach offers a creative alternative to simple herbal tea consumption, and lets you enjoy the benefits of chamomile in other ways.
Versatile and recognized for its broad spectrum of actions, chamomile stands out for its ability to soothe, heal and support digestion. Its harmlessness and ease of use make it an ideal ally in a variety of situations: reducing stress, caring for fragile skin, relieving digestive discomforts or maintaining fair hair. Chamomile can significantly improve your day-to-day well-being, when integrated into an overall lifestyle that respects the plant and its precautions for use.
