What is chronic gastritis?
Chronic gastritis is a persistent inflammation of the stomach lining, characterized by damage to the cells that make it up. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or autoimmune disorders.
What are the symptoms of chronic gastritis?
Symptoms of chronic gastritis can vary, but generally include a burning sensation or pain in the upper abdomen, often aggravated or relieved by food intake. Other common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and a feeling of fullness after eating small amounts of food. In more severe cases, there may be vomiting of blood or a material resembling coffee grounds, indicative of internal bleeding.
How is chronic gastritis diagnosed?
Diagnosis of chronic gastritis usually begins with an assessment of symptoms and a physical examination by a healthcare professional. Complementary tests, such as gastric endoscopy, allow direct visualization of the stomach mucosa and possibly a biopsy to examine the tissue under a microscope. Other tests, such as stool analysis to detect the presence of occult blood or blood tests to assess anemia, may also be recommended.
What treatments are available for chronic gastritis?
Treatment of chronic gastritis aims to reduce symptoms and promote healing of the gastric mucosa. It may include dietary modifications, such as avoiding foods that irritate the stomach or reducing alcohol consumption. Medication plays a central role, with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or antacids to reduce gastric acidity. In cases where Helicobacter pylori infection is present, appropriate antibiotic treatment is required to eradicate the bacteria.
How can chronic gastritis be prevented?
Preventing chronic gastritis can involve a number of strategies, including maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding known risk factors such as alcohol and NSAIDs. Quitting smoking and effectively managing stress can also help prevent stomach inflammation. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is advised for those at high risk of developing chronic gastritis.
Can chronic gastritis cause complications?
Yes, if left untreated, chronic gastritis can lead to serious complications, such as gastric ulcers, internal bleeding, or even an increased risk of gastric cancer. Regular medical supervision and adherence to treatment plans are essential to reduce these risks.
What diet is recommended for sufferers of chronic gastritis?
For people with chronic gastritis, it is advisable to adopt a gentle diet that minimizes irritation of the gastric mucosa. This includes eating smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding spicy, fatty or highly acidic foods such as citrus fruits, spicy dishes and tomato sauces. Reducing caffeine and chocolate consumption is also recommended. Mild foods such as bananas, peeled apples, white rice and boiled or grilled chicken breasts are often better tolerated.
Is alcohol an aggravating factor in chronic gastritis?
Yes, alcohol is a key factor that can aggravate chronic gastritis. It causes increased acid production in the stomach and can also lead to direct erosion of the gastric mucosa, exacerbating inflammation and symptoms. Chronic gastritis sufferers are strongly advised to limit or completely avoid alcohol consumption to help reduce symptoms and promote stomach healing.
Can stress cause or aggravate chronic gastritis?
Stress does not directly cause chronic gastritis, but it can aggravate symptoms or contribute to its development. Stress can affect gastric acid production and gastrointestinal motility, which can exacerbate gastritis symptoms. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, good time management and emotional support can help control the symptoms of chronic gastritis.
Is there a link between chronic gastritis and stomach cancer?
Yes, there is a link between chronic gastritis, especially when associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, and an increased risk of stomach cancer. The prolonged presence of inflammation can lead to changes in the cells of the gastric mucosa, a condition known as metaplasia, which can develop into cancer if left untreated. That's why it's crucial to treat chronic gastritis effectively and regularly monitor any progression to more serious conditions.
When should a doctor be consulted for chronic gastritis?
It's important to see a doctor if you experience persistent or severe symptoms of chronic gastritis, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding (vomiting blood or black stools). Medical follow-up is also crucial for those who have been diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection or who are at high risk of gastritis-related complications. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
