10 essential questions about the COVID-19 test in 2024: Find out more : Your online pharmacy selection

What is the COVID-19 test and how does it work?

The COVID-19 test is a medical procedure used to determine whether a person is infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for coronavirus 2019. There are two main types of test: diagnostic and serological.

1. Diagnostic tests: These tests detect the presence of the virus in the body. The most common methods are the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test and the antigenic test. The PCR test is highly accurate, and detects the virus's RNA using a sample usually taken from the patient's nose or throat. The antigenic test is faster and identifies specific viral proteins, but is generally less accurate than the PCR test.
2. Serological tests: These look for antibodies produced by the body in response to infection with the virus, which can help determine whether a person has been exposed to the virus in the past.

Who should be tested for COVID-19?

The COVID-19 test is recommended for anyone showing symptoms of the virus, such as fever, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of taste or smell. It is also recommended for those who have been in close contact with an infected person or who have been exposed in an epidemic outbreak. In addition, testing may be required for international travellers, healthcare professionals, and prior to certain medical procedures.

What symptoms require COVID-19 testing?

Symptoms warranting a COVID-19 test include:

• Fever or chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath or breathing difficulties
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
• Headache
• Recent loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Nasal congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea

These symptoms can vary considerably from person to person, and some may not present at all.

How long does it take to obtain the results of a COVID-19 test?

The time required to obtain the results of a COVID-19 test may vary. PCR tests generally take between 24 and 48 hours, while antigenic tests can provide results in less than 30 minutes. However, timescales can be affected by factors such as laboratory capacity, increased demand and access to resources.

Where can I get tested for COVID-19?

COVID-19 test sites are available in a variety of establishments, including hospitals, clinics, some pharmacies, and through temporary or mobile testing centers. It is advisable to contact local health authorities in advance, or consult government recommendations to find a suitable testing center nearby.

How do I prepare for a COVID-19 test?

Before undergoing a COVID-19 test, it is advisable to follow certain guidelines to ensure accurate results and minimize discomfort:

• Avoid eating or drinking at least 30 minutes before sampling for a nasopharyngeal PCR test.
• Inform medical personnel if you have any special conditions, such as bleeding disorders or pre-existing nasal difficulties.
• Wear a mask and maintain social distancing measures on your way to the test site.

What are the differences between PCR and antigenic testing?

The PCR test is considered the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. It is highly sensitive and capable of detecting small quantities of the virus' genetic material. However, it requires specialized equipment and results generally take between 24 and 48 hours.

Antigen testing, on the other hand, offers much faster results, often in under 30 minutes, but with a lower sensitivity rate than PCR. This means there may be more false negatives, especially in asymptomatic individuals.

Is it possible to obtain a false result with a COVID-19 test?

Yes, it is possible to obtain a false negative or positive result with a COVID-19 test. False negatives can occur if the sample is taken too early or too late in the course of infection, or due to technical error. False positives are less frequent but can occur, especially in the event of sample contamination or handling errors. It is crucial to follow sampling and handling instructions to minimize these risks.

When should I retest for COVID-19?

Retesting may be necessary in the following cases:

• If you have received a negative result but continue to experience symptoms of COVID-19, especially if you have been in close contact with an infected person.
• If you have received a positive result, to confirm recovery, especially if you need to return to work or other activities.

Specific recommendations for retesting may vary according to the guidelines of local public health authorities and should be followed scrupulously.

Are COVID-19 tests safe, and what are the potential complications?

COVID-19 tests are generally safe and performed by qualified healthcare professionals. Complications are rare but may include temporary discomfort, such as sneezing or minor bleeding, especially after nasopharyngeal sampling. In very rare cases, there may be more serious complications, such as infections or allergic reactions to the test components. It is important to discuss any specific concerns with a healthcare professional before testing.