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French pharmacy
What is hepatitis and how is it transmitted?
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, often caused by a viral infection. Among the most common viruses are hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Transmission of hepatitis varies according to the type of virus:Hepatitis A and E are transmitted mainly by drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food, whilehepatitis B, C and D viruses are transmitted by contact with infected blood, during unprotected sex or from mother to child during childbirth.
What are the symptoms of hepatitis?
Symptoms of hepatitis can include marked fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, pale stools and abdominal pain. However, it's important to note that in many cases, particularly withhepatitis C, individuals may show no symptoms for many years, increasing the risk of serious complications without early diagnosis.
How is hepatitis diagnosed?
Hepatitis is diagnosed primarily by blood tests, which detect the presence of antibodies or nucleic acids linked to hepatitis viruses. Additional tests, such as ultrasound or liver biopsy, may be necessary to assess the extent of liver damage.
What are the treatment options for hepatitis?
Treatment for hepatitis varies according to the type of virus.Hepatitis A is generally benign, often requiring only rest and hydration. Forhepatitis B, antiviral treatment may be necessary to prevent progression to chronic disease or liver cancer.Hepatitis C is now treatable with direct-acting antiviral drugs that offer a cure rate of over 90%. Options forhepatitis D depend on the simultaneous presence of hepatitis B, andhepatitis E generally requires symptomatic treatment, although it can be more severe in pregnant women.
How can hepatitis be prevented?
Preventing hepatitis mainly involves vaccination, available for both hepatitis A and B. Strict hygiene measures, such as regular hand-washing and avoiding consumption of potentially contaminated food or water, are crucial for preventinghepatitis A and E. Forhepatitis B and C, avoiding sharing sharp objects (such as needles or razors) and practicing safe sex are essential precautionary measures.
What's the difference between acute and chronic hepatitis?
Acute hepatitis refers to a short-lived inflammation of the liver, often caused by a viral infection, which can either resolve with a full recovery, or progress to a chronic form.Chronic hepatitis, on the other hand, refers to inflammation that persists for at least six months, potentially leading to progressive and irreversible liver damage if left untreated.
Can hepatitis cause other health complications?
Yes, untreated hepatitis, particularly types B and C, can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer and liver failure. Individuals with chronic hepatitis are also at increased risk of developing health problems such as coagulation disorders and esophageal varices.
Are there specific dietary recommendations for people with hepatitis?
People with hepatitis, particularly those with advanced liver damage, are often advised to follow a balanced, healthy diet to support liver function. It is recommended to avoid alcohol, limit consumption of saturated fats and favor foods rich in fiber. Adequate protein and carbohydrate intakes are also crucial for maintaining muscle mass and energy reserves.
How does vaccination status influence the risk of hepatitis?
Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing certain forms of hepatitis, notably types A and B. Being vaccinated can significantly reduce the risk of contracting these viruses and, consequently, of developing severe forms of the disease. Forhepatitis B, vaccination is particularly recommended for healthcare professionals, people living with someone with hepatitis B, and individuals with high-risk behaviors.
What are the latest advances in hepatitis C treatment?
Recent years have seen major advances in the treatment ofhepatitis C, thanks to the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). These drugs offer cure rates in excess of 90% and are generally well tolerated, with shorter treatment durations (8 to 12 weeks) and fewer side effects than previous treatments. In addition, research is continuing to develop even more effective treatments that are accessible to all patients, including those with resistant forms of the virus.
