What is human scabies and how is it transmitted?
Human scabies is a skin infestation caused by a parasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei. This micro-organism digs tiny tunnels under the skin to lay its eggs, causing intense itching and a characteristic rash. Scabies is transmitted mainly through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. Prolonged contact is generally necessary for transmission to occur, making family members or bedmates particularly vulnerable.
What are the symptoms of human scabies?
The main symptoms of scabies include intense itching, especially at night, and skin eruptions in the form of small red pimples, fine lines or blisters. The areas most often affected are the wrists, between the fingers, around the waist, armpits, genitals, buttocks and elbows. In infants and young children, the head and face may also be affected.
How is scabies diagnosed?
Scabies is usually diagnosed by a healthcare professional, who examines the symptoms and, if necessary, takes a skin sample. Microscopic examination of a sample can detect the presence of the mite, its eggs or droppings. In some cases, simply observing the clinical signs may be enough to make the diagnosis.
What are the treatment options for human scabies?
Scabies treatment is based on creams or lotions containing permethrin or other insecticides. It is crucial that all members of the household follow the treatment simultaneously to avoid reinfestation. Bed linen, clothing and towels should be washed at high temperature and, if possible, tumble-dried on hot heat to kill the mites. Non-washable items can be sealed in an airtight bag for at least 72 hours to ensure the mites are killed.
How can I prevent the transmission of human scabies?
Scabies prevention includes avoiding close contact with infested people until they have completed their treatment. Regular cleaning of frequently touched surfaces and good personal hygiene are also recommended. Although scabies is not a dirt-related disease, a clean environment can help reduce the risk of transmission.
Is it possible to catch scabies by sharing clothes or bedding?
Yes, although less frequently, it is possible to contract scabies by sharing clothing, bedding or other fabric items such as towels and blankets, which have been in contact with an infested person. Mites can survive for up to 72 hours outside the human body. We therefore recommend washing these items at a temperature of 60°C or higher, and tumble-drying them on a hot setting to eliminate the mites.
Are there more severe forms of scabies?
Norwegian scabies is a severe, highly contagious form of scabies that can develop in people with weakened immune systems. It is characterized by thick, scaly scabs on the skin, which can contain thousands of mites. This type of scabies requires immediate medical treatment, as it can spread very rapidly in collective environments such as hospitals and retirement homes.
Can pets transmit human scabies?
Pets do not transmit human scabies, but a specific form called sarcoptic mange. Although similar, the mite responsible for scabies in animals is different and cannot live or reproduce for long on human skin. However, it can cause temporary itching in humans. It is important to treat infested animals and clean their environment to prevent reinfestation.
What are the recommendations for caregivers of people with scabies?
Caregivers should use disposable gloves when applying topical treatments to patients, and avoid direct contact with untreated skin. Protective clothing should also be worn, and washed separately after each use. Rigorous hygiene, including frequent hand washing, is crucial to preventing the transmission of scabies.
How to manage severe itching caused by scabies?
Itching caused by scabies can be treated with oral antihistamines or corticosteroid creams to reduce inflammation. It is essential not to scratch the affected areas to avoid secondary infections. Warm baths with colloidal products can also relieve symptoms. If itching persists despite treatment, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional again to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and consider alternatives.
