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    What is irritable bowel syndrome?

    Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), also known as Functional Bowel Disorder, is a chronic condition characterized by a combination of symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habit (constipation or diarrhea). It is a common gastrointestinal disorder that significantly affects people's quality of life.

    What causes IBS?

    The exact causes of IBS are not fully understood. However, several factors may contribute to its onset:

    • Intestinal hypersensitivity: Increased sensitivity of the intestinal nerves can cause pain.
    • Disturbances to intestinal motility: Abnormal contractions of the intestinal muscles can result in either slowed (constipation) or accelerated (diarrhoea) movements.
    • Psychological factors: Stress and anxiety can exacerbate IBS symptoms.
    • Microbial imbalances: Disruption of normal intestinal flora can play a role.

    What are the symptoms of IBS?

    IBS symptoms vary, but generally include

    • Abdominal pain or cramps, often relieved after defecation.
    • Bloating and gas.
    • Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two.
    • Mucus in the stool.

    How is IBS diagnosed?

    The diagnosis of IBS is primarily clinical. It is based on the patient's symptoms and the exclusion of other diseases by standardized diagnostic criteria such as the Rome IV criteria. Examinations such as blood tests, stool tests or colonoscopy may be carried out to exclude other pathologies.

    What are the treatment options for IBS?

    Treatment of IBS is often multifactorial and individualized:

    • Dietary modifications: Avoid foods that trigger symptoms, such as foods rich in FODMAPs.
    • Medication: Use of antispasmodics to relieve pain, laxatives for constipation, or antidiarrheal agents for diarrhea.
    • Behavioral therapies: Stress management techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation.
    • Probiotics: to help rebalance intestinal flora.

    Can IBS be prevented?

    Although complete prevention of IBS is not always possible, lifestyle modifications can help manage and minimize symptoms. This includes a balanced diet, regular physical activity, good hydration and effective stress management strategies.

    How does diet affect IBS?

    Diet plays a crucial role in managing IBS symptoms. Certain foods can aggravate symptoms, such as dairy products, fried foods, soft drinks, and foods rich in FODMAPs (fermentable, oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols). A low-FODMAP diet is often recommended to identify trigger foods and reduce symptoms. Consultation with a specialist dietician can be very beneficial in devising a suitable eating plan.

    Can IBS be cured?

    At present, there is no definitive cure for IBS, but symptoms can often be effectively managed through a combined approach that includes dietary changes, medication, and psychological therapies. The aim is to minimize the impact of symptoms on the patient's quality of life and to manage the condition over the long term.

    Is IBS a hereditary disease?

    Research shows that there may be a genetic component associated with IBS, with people who have family members with IBS being more likely to develop the condition. However, environmental and lifestyle factors also play a significant role in the onset of the disease.

    How does stress influence IBS?

    Stress is known to exacerbate IBS symptoms. It can directly affect intestinal motility and function, increasing sensitivity and inflammatory reactions. Stress management techniques, such as meditation, yoga or cognitive behavioral therapy, can help control these effects and improve symptoms.

    Is there a link between IBS and other medical conditions?

    IBS can coexist with other functional disorders and diseases, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and anxiety or depressive disorders. It is also associated with inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in some cases, although IBS itself does not cause the intestinal inflammation typical of these diseases. A holistic approach to health is essential to manage IBS and its associated conditions.