Kidney Failure - Detailed Guide : Your online pharmacy selection

What is renal failure?

Renal failure is a medical condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood. This failure can be acute or chronic, with the chronic form generally evolving over several years. The kidneys' main functions include fluid regulation, electrolyte balance and toxin elimination.

What are the main causes of kidney failure?

The main causes ofkidney failure include:

• Diabetes, which is the most common cause of chronic renal failure.
• Hypertension, which can damage the blood vessels of the kidneys.
• Glomerular diseases, which affect the kidneys' filtration structures.
• Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones and prostatic hypertrophy.

How is renal failure diagnosed?

The diagnosis ofrenal failure is based on several tests:

• Blood tests, notably creatinine and urea, measure the filtration capacity of the kidneys.
• Urinalysis can detect abnormalities such as proteinuria.
• Medical imaging, such as renal ultrasound, helps assess the size and structure of the kidneys.
• Kidney biopsy may be necessary to determine the exact cause of the insufficiency.

What are the symptoms of kidney failure?

Symptoms ofkidney failure may include:

• Generalized fatigue and weakness
• Swelling of the feet and ankles due to water retention
• Difficulty urinating or changes in the frequency of urination
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sleep disturbances and difficulty concentrating

What are the treatment options for renal failure?

Treatment ofrenal failure depends on the cause and severity of the disease:

• Lifestyle modifications, such as controlling blood pressure and diabetes.
• Medication to reduce symptoms and slow disease progression.
• Dialysis, which may be necessary in cases of significant loss of kidney function.
• Kidney transplantation, considered when other treatments are no longer effective.

How can kidney failure be prevented?

Preventing renalfailure involves a number of measures:

• Maintaining normal blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
• Adopting a balanced diet low in salt and protein.
• Adequate hydration to help the kidneys filter out toxins.
• Avoiding prolonged use of medications that can damage the kidneys, such as certain anti-inflammatory drugs.

What is the link between kidney failure and cardiovascular disease?

Kidney failure and cardiovascular disease are closely linked, as kidney function directly influences blood pressure and blood composition, key factors in cardiovascular health. People with kidney failure are at increased risk of developing heart disease due to fluid accumulation and high levels of toxins in the blood, which can lead to hypertension and atherosclerosis.

How does diet influence kidney failure?

An appropriate diet plays a crucial role in the management ofrenal failure. It is recommended to limit protein, salt and potassium intake to reduce the workload on the kidneys. Foods rich in phosphorus should also be avoided, as they can contribute to mineral imbalances. Consulting a nutritionist to develop a personalized diet plan is essential to maintain nutritional balance while protecting kidney function.

What recent advances have been made in the treatment of renal failure?

Advances in the treatment ofrenal failure include the development of new dialysis methods that are more effective and less restrictive for patients, such as home peritoneal dialysis. Research into kidney transplantation has also progressed, with better techniques for compatibility and rejection. In addition, new drugs that improve renal filtration and reduce side effects are being developed, offering patients better prospects for quality of life.

How is renal failure linked to other medical complications?

Renal failure can lead to multiple medical complications, such as anemia, due to insufficient production of erythropoietin, a kidney hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. It can also cause bone disorders by disturbing the balance of calcium and phosphorus. Fluid retention is another frequent complication, which can lead to pulmonary and cardiac problems.

What are the warning signs of kidney failure?

The warning signs ofkidney failure can vary, but it's crucial not to ignore certain symptoms such as:

• A noticeable decrease in urine output.
• Cloudy or bloody urine.
• Severe swelling of the legs, ankles or feet.
• Extreme fatigue or unexplained shortness of breath. These symptoms require urgent medical attention to assess kidney function and prevent worsening of the condition.