What is a migraine and what are its main symptoms?
Migraine is a form of headache characterized mainly by intense, pulsating pain generally felt on one side of the head. It may be preceded or accompanied by visual symptoms known as auras, which are visual disturbances such as flashes of light or wavy lines. Other symptoms include heightened sensitivity to light(photophobia), noise(phonophobia), and sometimes nausea or vomiting. These attacks generally last between 4 and 72 hours.
What causes migraines?
The exact causes of migraine remain partly unknown, but several risk factors have been identified. Hormonal changes, particularly those linked to the menstrual cycle in women, are often associated with migraine episodes. Other factors include stress, lack of sleep, certain foods and drinks, and environmental factors such as weather changes or intense light.
How can migraine be treated?
Migraine treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and reduce the frequency of attacks. It may include specific medications, such as triptans, which are designed to counteract the effects of migraine shortly after the onset of symptoms. For prevention, doctors may prescribe beta-blockers, antidepressants or antiepileptics, depending on the patient's needs and the frequency of attacks. Adopting certain stress management and lifestyle modification practices can also help control migraine frequency.
Are there any natural remedies for migraines?
Some natural remedies can help relieve migraine symptoms. Magnesium, often cited for its relaxing properties, can reduce the frequency of migraines in some people. Peppermint andlavender essential oil are also used for their calming and analgesic effects. Relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation can also play a beneficial role in managing stress and reducing migraine triggers.
When should I consult a doctor about migraines?
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if migraines become frequent or if they worsen. Medical consultation is also necessary when migraines are accompanied by unusual symptoms, such as slurred speech, permanent visual changes, weakness on one side of the body, or unusually severe pain. These symptoms may indicate more serious conditions requiring immediate evaluation.
What's the difference between a migraine and a tension headache?
Migraines are distinguished from tension headaches by the nature and intensity of the pain. Migraines cause pulsating or throbbing pain, often localized to just one side of the head, whereas tension headaches are characterized by constant, oppressive pain felt on both sides of the head. What's more, migraines are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and extreme sensitivity to light and noise, which are less common in tension headaches.
Can children suffer from migraines?
Yes, children can also suffer from migraines, although their symptoms may differ from those of adults. In children, migraines may last less time and occur on both sides of the head. Associated symptoms such as sensitivity to light, noise and nausea are common. It's important to consult a pediatrician for a proper diagnosis and to discuss age-appropriate treatment options.
What impact does migraine have on quality of life?
Migraine can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those affected. It can lead to an inability to perform daily tasks, reduced productivity at work, and disruption of social and family activities. Anxiety and depression are also more common in chronic migraine sufferers, due to persistent pain and uncertainty about the onset of attacks.
Can diet influence the frequency of migraines?
Yes, diet can play a key role in managing migraines. Certain foods are known to trigger attacks in some people. Common food triggers include chocolate, dairy products, coffee, high-salt foods or foods containing food additives such as monosodium glutamate. Keeping a food diary can help identify and avoid trigger foods. A balanced diet, rich in fruit and vegetables, and sufficient hydration are also beneficial.
Are there any recent innovations in migraine treatment?
Advances in migraine treatment include the development of drugs specifically targeting calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP). These drugs, such as anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies, are designed to block this substance involved in the transmission of migraine pain. In addition, neurostimulation devices, which use electrical impulses to modulate nerve signals and prevent migraines, have been shown to be effective. These methods represent a promising option for patients who do not respond to traditional treatments.