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French pharmacy
What is nephritis?
Nephritis is a form of interstitial nephropathy, a condition that causes inflammation of the kidneys. Mainly caused by infections or exposure to certain toxic substances, nephritis can lead to a variety of health problems if not treated properly. Common symptoms include flank pain, fever, nausea, and changes in the frequency and appearance of urine.
What are the main causes of nephritis?
The causes of nephritis can vary, ranging from bacterial and viral infections, such as pyelonephritis, to exposure to harmful chemicals or medications. The immune system can also play a role, as in the case of lupus nephritis, where it mistakenly attacks healthy kidney tissue.
How is nephritis diagnosed?
Nephritis is usually diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, urine examinations and medical imaging, such as renal ultrasound. These tests assess kidney function and detect any structural abnormalities or inflammation. A kidney biopsy may also be necessary to determine the underlying cause of the inflammation.
What treatment options are available for nephritis?
Treatment of nephritis depends on its cause. Infections are usually treated with antibiotics, while autoimmune conditions may require corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants. Symptom management and prevention of complications are crucial, often including dietary modifications, adequate hydration and, in some cases, medical interventions to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria.
How can nephritis be prevented?
Prevention of nephritis includes maintaining good hygiene, avoiding toxic substances and effectively managing underlying health conditions. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is essential for those at high risk of kidney problems, including patients with systemic diseases such as lupus or diabetes.
What are the possible complications associated with nephritis?
Without appropriate treatment, nephritis can lead to serious complications, such as chronic or acute renal failure. Other risks include high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances and, in rare cases, nephritis can progress to uraemia, requiring dialysis treatment.
How important is medical follow-up for nephritis patients?
Regular medical follow-up is crucial for patients diagnosed with nephritis, enabling treatment to be adjusted according to disease progression and patient response. This follow-up usually includes periodic examinations of kidney function and blood pressure, as well as therapeutic adjustments to avoid long-term complications.
What's the difference between nephritis and glomerulonephritis?
Nephritis, specifically interstitial nephritis, affects the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, which surrounds the filtration structures. Glomerulonephritis, on the other hand, affects the glomeruli, the small units within the kidneys that filter blood directly. Although both conditions cause kidney inflammation, their causes, symptoms and treatments can vary significantly.
Can nephritis be completely cured?
The possibility of recovery from nephritis depends largely on its cause and the speed of diagnosis. Acute forms, often due to infections, can be completely resolved with appropriate treatment. However, chronic forms or those linked to autoimmune diseases may require long-term management to control symptoms and prevent progression to kidney failure.
What role does diet play in the management of nephritis?
Diet plays a crucial role in the management of nephritis, notably by limiting salt intake to reduce the load on the kidneys, and avoiding excessive protein, which can increase the filtering load on the kidneys. It is also advisable to limit foods rich in potassium and phosphorus if kidney function is compromised.
How does nephritis affect patients' quality of life?
Nephritis can significantly affect quality of life, notably through pain and discomfort, fatigue, and limitations imposed by diet and medical treatments. Psychological management and social support are essential to help patients adapt their daily lives and manage the emotional impact of chronic illness.
Are there any recent advances in the treatment of nephritis?
Recent advances in the treatment of nephritis include the development of new, more targeted immunosuppressants, which offer greater efficacy with fewer side effects. Research is also continuing into gene therapy and biological treatments, which could offer new approaches to treating the underlying causes of kidney inflammation, rather than simply managing the symptoms.
