PCOS: Understanding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Your online pharmacy selection

PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) is a complex hormonal disorder affecting many women of childbearing age. Because of its multiple manifestations, it is often difficult to diagnose. Find out here the answers to the most frequently asked questions about PCOS, its symptoms, its causes, and solutions for living better with this syndrome.

What is PCOS?

PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) is a common endocrine disorder affecting around 1 in 10 women. It is characterized by a hormonal imbalance that disrupts the normal functioning of the ovaries. This disorder often leads to excessive production of androgen hormones (male hormones), causing a variety of symptoms, including:

• Irregular or absentmenstrual cycles
• Unexplainedweight gain, particularly around the abdomen
• Persistent acne and oily skin
• Male patternhair loss or baldness
• Infertility or difficulty conceiving

This syndrome can also increase the risk of developing complications such as type 2 diabetes,hypertension or cardiovascular disorders.

What causes PCOS?

The exact causes of PCOS are not fully understood, but several factors seem to play a role:

1. Genetic predisposition: If members of your family have PCOS, you have an increased risk of developing this disorder.
2. Insulin resistance: Nearly 70% of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, leading to increased androgen production by the ovaries.
3. Environmental and lifestyle factors: An unbalanced diet, lack of physical activity and chronic stress can aggravate PCOS symptoms.

What are the main symptoms of PCOS?

PCOS manifests itself differently in different women. Here are the most common symptoms:

• Menstrual disorders: infrequent, irregular or absent periods.
• Hyperandrogenism: Excessive production of male hormones, leading to excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest or thighs.
• Weight gain and difficulty losing weight, even with a balanced diet.
• Polycystic ovaries visible on ultrasound: several small follicles (cysts) that don't mature enough to ovulate.
• Fertility problems due to lack of regular ovulation.

Some women may also suffer from chronic fatigue,anxiety or depression, making this syndrome even more difficult to live with on a daily basis.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

The diagnosis of PCOS is based on three main criteria defined by the Rotterdam criteria:

1. Absence or irregularity of menstrual cycles (oligo-anovulation)
2. Clinical or biological hyperandrogenism (excessive hair growth, high blood androgen levels)
3. Presence of ovarian cysts on ultrasound scan

At least two of these three criteria must be met for a diagnosis to be made. The doctor may also order blood tests to assess hormone levels and rule out other endocrine disorders.

Is PCOS a cause of infertility?

Yes, PCOS is one of the main causes of infertility in women. The absence of regular ovulation prevents the release of an egg each month, making conception difficult. However, this does not mean that pregnancy is impossible.
Several treatments can help stimulate ovulation, such as :

• Lifestyle modifications (balanced diet and regular physical activity)
• Drug treatments, such as clomiphene or letrozole
• Hormonal treatments to restore hormonal balance

In more complex cases, in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be considered.

How is PCOS treated?

PCOS treatment depends on each woman's symptoms and goals (cycle improvement, acne treatment, desire for pregnancy, etc.). Here are the most common options:

1. Lifestyle modifications:

   • Adopt a low-glycemic index diet to reduce insulin resistance
   • regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity and lose weight
   • Reduce stress through relaxation techniques (yoga, meditation)

2. Hormonal treatments:

   • The combined contraceptive pill is often prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms of hyperandrogenism.
   • Antiandrogens, such as spironolactone, can help treat excessive hair growth and acne.

3. Medications for insulin resistance:
   Metformin is often used to improve insulin sensitivity and promote ovulation.

4. Fertility treatments for women wishing to conceive.

Can PCOS be prevented?

It's not possible to totally prevent PCOS, but adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing complications and alleviate symptoms. Here are a few tips:

• Eat a balanced diet, rich in fiber and low in refined sugars.
• Maintain a healthy weight, as even moderate weight loss can improve symptoms.
• Get regular exercise, at least 30 minutes a day.
• Monitor your menstrual cycles and consult a doctor if any abnormalities occur.

PCOS is a complex disease requiring individualized management. Although it can be a source of concern, there are many treatments available to improve the quality of life of women with PCOS. Early diagnosis and lifestyle modifications play a key role in the management of this syndrome.