Rhinitis - Prevention and treatment : Your online pharmacy selection

What is rhinitis and what are its main causes?

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by symptoms such as a blocked nose, runny nose, sneezing and sometimes an itchy, irritated nose. It can be triggered by a variety of factors, divided into two main categories: allergic and non-allergic.

1. Allergic rhinitis: This is caused by an allergic reaction to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander and mold. This condition is often seasonal, but can also persist year-round if allergens are present continuously.
2. Non-allergic rhinitis: Several factors can be responsible, such as viral infections (like the common cold), climate change, air pollution, excessive use of nasal decongestants, and even certain medications.

What are the symptoms of rhinitis?

Rhinitis symptoms may vary slightly depending on the type, but generally include:

• Nasal congestion: a feeling of a blocked nose that can interfere with breathing.
• Rhinorrhea: clear or mucopurulent nasal discharge.
• Sneezing: often in bursts, particularly frequent in people suffering from allergic rhinitis.
• Itching: which can affect the nose, eyes, ears or throat.
• Fatigue: due to sleep disturbances caused by nasal symptoms.

How is rhinitis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of rhinitis is generally clinical, based on the patient's medical history and a physical examination. Specific tests may be required to identify allergic causes:

• Skin tests: to detect reactions to specific allergens.
• IgE antibody testing: to confirm the presence of an allergic reaction.
• Rhinoscopy: use of an endoscope to examine the inside of the nose, often used to rule out other causes of nasal symptoms.

What are the best ways to prevent rhinitis?

Preventing rhinitis depends largely on the underlying cause:

• Avoiding allergens: If rhinitis is allergic in origin, reducing exposure to allergens can help reduce symptoms. This can include frequent cleaning of surfaces, use of air purifiers, and maintaining good ventilation in living areas.
• Nasal cleansing: Regular use of saline solutions to clean nasal passages can help reduce congestion and eliminate irritants.
• Environmental adaptation: For non-allergic rhinitis, avoiding irritating factors such as tobacco smoke and strong odors can be beneficial.

What treatments are available for rhinitis?

Treatment for rhinitis may include:

• Medication: Antihistamines, nasal corticoids and decongestants are often used to control symptoms.
• Immunotherapy: For severe cases of allergic rhinitis, immunotherapy, or desensitization, may be considered. This treatment aims to gradually accustom the body to the allergen, thereby reducing the allergic reaction.
• Natural treatments: Some natural remedies, such as local honey or herbal supplements, can also offer relief.

What's the difference between rhinitis and sinusitis?

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa that causes symptoms mainly localized in the nose, such as congestion, nasal discharge and sneezing. Sinusitis, on the other hand, is an inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled cavities around the nose and eyes. It manifests as facial pain, headaches, sinus pressure and sometimes fever. Although the two conditions may coexist in what is known as rhinosinusitis, their treatments and symptoms differ significantly.

How does rhinitis affect quality of life?

Rhinitis, especially when chronic, can significantly affect quality of life. Nasal congestion and reduced airflow can disrupt sleep, leading to daytime fatigue and reduced performance at work or school. Persistent symptoms can also cause irritability and difficulty concentrating. What's more, allergic rhinitis is often associated with other allergic conditions such as asthma, which can worsen overall health.

Can allergic rhinitis be cured?

While there is no definitive cure for allergic rhinitis, available treatments can effectively control symptoms. Immunotherapy, which involves gradual exposure to the allergen, can significantly decrease sensitivity and reduce symptoms over the long term. In addition, the regular use of medications such as antihistamines and nasal corticoids helps to keep symptoms under control. Managing environmental factors also plays a crucial role in reducing rhinitis episodes.

What impact does rhinitis have on children?

For children, rhinitis can have a significant impact on their daily lives and overall health. Sleep disturbances caused by nasal congestion can affect their growth and cognitive development. What's more, rhinitis is often associated with hearing problems and ear infections, as inflammation can block the Eustachian tubes and promote fluid build-up. It's vital that parents monitor their children's rhinitis symptoms and consult a specialist for proper management.

Are there any specific tips for managing rhinitis during high-risk seasons?

To effectively manage rhinitis during high-risk periods, such as spring for pollen allergy sufferers, we recommend following a few practical tips:

• Monitor allergy bulletins: be informed of pollen levels to plan outings.
• Keep windows closed: during periods of high pollination to prevent allergens from entering the living space.
• Use air purifiers: to filter allergens from indoor air.
• Take regular showers: to remove pollens from hair and body after going out.
• Consult an allergist regularly: to adjust treatments if necessary, especially when seasons change.