What is Roman chamomile?
Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), also known as noble chamomile or English chamomile, is a perennial plant in the Asteraceae family. It is distinguished by its shorter stems and white flowers arranged around a yellow heart. Unlike German chamomile, which is more slender and annual, Roman chamomile has a sweet, slightly fruity fragrance. In phytotherapeutic terms, it is recognized for its antispasmodic, soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. Its spectrum of action extends from digestive balance and skin well-being to nervous relaxation.
How is Roman chamomile grown and harvested?
Roman chamomile prefers light, well-drained, slightly acidic soil, with moderate sunlight. It adapts well to temperate climates, withstanding cold winters thanks to its perennial nature. It generally flowers in summer, when small white daisies with yellow hearts can be seen. Harvesting is best done when the flowers are in full bloom, often in the late morning to capture the maximum aromatic compounds. The top of the stem is cut off with the flower, then dried or distilled, depending on the intended use (infusion, essential oil, hydrosol, etc.). Careful picking and gentle drying preserve the quality of the active ingredients.
What are the main active ingredients in Roman chamomile?
Roman chamomile contains a variety of biochemical compounds that explain its therapeutic properties. These include esters such as isobutyl angelate and alpha-pinene methacrylate, responsible for its relaxing and antispasmodic effects. It also contains flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin) and coumarins (herniarin), which reinforce its anti-inflammatory and soothing action. Finally, volatile substances such as alpha-pinene and gamma-terpinene contribute to the plant's characteristic fragrance. This synergy of molecules makes Roman chamomile invaluable in phytotherapy, as it acts on several levels: the nervous system, digestion and skin care.
What are the differences between Roman chamomile and German chamomile?
Roman chamomile differs from German chamomile, also known as matricaria chamomilla, in its morphology and phytochemical profile. Morphologically, Roman chamomile is a low, perennial plant, while German chamomile is annual and taller. In terms of molecules, German chamomile contains more chamazulene, which turns its essential oil a deep blue, and acts more specifically on inflammation. Roman chamomile, on the other hand, is characterized by a high ester content, offering a more marked relaxing and antispasmodic effect. However, the two varieties are complementary in therapeutic use, and the choice will depend above all on the effects sought (nervous calming, anti-inflammatory, digestive support, etc.).
How does Roman chamomile affect the nervous system?
Roman chamomile is appreciated for its mild sedative action, which helps calm the central nervous system. The esters it contains bind to certain neuronal receptors, modulating the response to stress and promoting muscle relaxation. In infusion, it helps reduce agitation, irritability and somatic manifestations linked to anxiety. Some people use it at the end of the day to help them fall asleep and improve sleep quality, without the side effects of chemical sedatives. Combined with a healthy lifestyle, Roman chamomile helps restore inner balance.
What are the digestive benefits of Roman chamomile?
Roman chamomile has strong antispasmodic and carminative properties, making it beneficial in cases of bloating, intestinal cramps or difficult digestion. It can also help to calm mild nausea and support gastrointestinal tract motricity. Roman chamomile infusions are useful after a heavy meal, to relieve feelings of heaviness. Thanks to its antispasmodic action, it relaxes the smooth muscles of the intestine, helping to distribute gas more evenly and reduce painful spasms. It acts gently and is generally suitable for people who are sensitive or prone to occasional digestive disorders.
Can Roman chamomile be applied to the skin?
Yes, Roman chamomile has a soothing, anti-inflammatory effect, ideal for relieving skin irritations, redness or even itching. Roman chamomile hydrosol is frequently recommended for soothing sensitive skin prone to eczema or tightness. Its mild pH respects the skin's balance, making it suitable for minimalist, natural skincare routines. Roman chamomile essential oil can be added to a vegetable oil (sweet almond, jojoba) to create a soothing lotion. Applied as a compress or massage, it helps reduce discomfort while promoting regeneration of the skin barrier.
Is Roman chamomile suitable for babies and children?
Roman chamomile is one of the gentlest plants, often preferred by children. As a hydrolate or light infusion, it can relieve colic or digestive spasms in infants, while providing a calming effect before bedtime. However, it is always advisable to seek the advice of a health professional before introducing plants to infants, in order to adapt the dosage and method of administration. Although gentle, Roman chamomile essential oil is still powerful and should be handled with care. Massage, at the appropriate dilution and on specialist advice, may be considered to soothe irritation or facilitate relaxation in younger children.
What about the use of Roman chamomile in cosmetics?
Roman chamomile is present in many natural cosmetics for fragile or reactive skin. Its flavonoids and esters give it softening properties, ideal for soothing redness, tightness and certain skin discomforts (eczema, mild dermatitis). It can also be found in toning lotions, masks and moisturizers, where it helps to soften and even out the complexion. Its soft, floral fragrance is an additional asset when formulating sensorial skin care products. Roman chamomile shampoos and conditioners can also revive the shine of light-colored hair, while protecting the scalp from minor irritation.
What's the difference between Roman chamomile infusion and essential oil?
Roman chamomile infusion mobilizes the plant's water-soluble principles (flavonoids, phenolic acids), offering digestive, anti-inflammatory and slightly soothing properties for the nervous system. It is easily prepared by pouring simmering water over the dried flowers, then leaving to infuse for a few minutes. The essential oil, on the other hand, is steam-distilled and concentrates the volatile compounds (esters, monoterpenes) responsible for its stronger relaxing and antispasmodic effects. Its use requires greater care (dilution, dosage) as it is very powerful. Infusions are for gentle, gradual internal use, while essential oils act more quickly and specifically, especially when applied externally or diffused for emotional well-being.
Does Roman chamomile have any contraindications?
Although considered safe for most healthy adults, Roman chamomile may present a few contraindications. People allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family (arnica, marigold, dandelion) should be cautious, as there is a risk of cross-reaction. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, it is advisable to consult a health professional before using Roman chamomile essential oil, although the infusion is generally safe. High doses may interact with certain treatments, notably sedatives or anticoagulants, so it's important to seek medical advice if you have a medical condition or are undergoing treatment.
How to make the most of Roman chamomile for relaxation?
To take full advantage of Roman chamomile's relaxing properties, you have several options:
Infusion: Drink a cup at the end of the day to soothe the mind and reduce restlessness before bedtime.
Hydrolat: Spray or apply to face and neck to refresh and calm.
Aromatic bath: Add a few drops of Roman chamomile essential oil diluted in a neutral base (milk, honey, vegetable oil) to create an atmosphere conducive to muscular and emotional relaxation.
Massage: Incorporate the essential oil into a carrier oil and massage the nape of the neck, shoulders or temples to relieve physical and mental tension.
By incorporating Roman chamomile into an overall well-being routine, you can benefit from its gentle sedative properties and antispasmodic action to restore lasting inner calm.
How to store Roman chamomile
Dried Roman chamomile is best stored away from light, in an airtight container, to preserve its active ingredients. Herbal tea bags should be kept in a cool, dry place. For essential oils, prefer amber glass bottles, stored away from sources of heat and humidity. Proper storage guarantees the quality and efficacy of the aromatic compounds. Hydrosols should generally be kept refrigerated to limit microbial proliferation and prevent premature deterioration of their soothing and purifying properties.
Roman chamomile is distinguished by its sweet fragrance and ester-rich composition, which give it a range of antispasmodic, soothing and calming properties for the nervous system. In infusion, essential oil or hydrosol form, it can be easily integrated into skin care, stress management or digestive support routines. Both gentle and effective, it is suitable for adults and children alike, provided certain precautions are taken (allergies, dosage). Thanks to its versatility, Roman chamomile remains a precious asset for cultivating daily well-being and promoting physical and emotional balance.
