Ascaris, often referred to as intestinal worm or ascariasis, is a parasite that lives mainly in the human intestine. This roundworm can grow to a size of up to 35 cm for females. It is transmitted mainly through consumption of food or water contaminated with microscopic roundworm eggs.
How does Ascaris infection occur?
Infection begins when Ascaris eggs, present in contaminated soil, are ingested. These eggs can be found on unwashed vegetables or fruit, or in contaminated water. After ingestion, the eggs hatch in the intestine, releasing larvae which then cross the intestinal wall to reach the lungs. After maturing in the lungs, the larvae return to the throat to be swallowed again, this time reaching the intestine, where they develop into adult worms.
What are the symptoms of Ascaris infection?
Symptoms can vary from no symptoms at all to more severe manifestations, depending on the number of worms present. Mild symptoms include digestive problems such as abdominal pain, nausea or diarrhea. More serious symptoms can occur, such as intestinal obstruction or respiratory problems due to larvae in the lungs.
How is Ascaris diagnosed?
Diagnosis is mainly based on microscopic examination of stools for Ascaris eggs. Blood tests may also reveal an increase in eosinophils, a sign of parasitic infection. In some cases, an abdominal X-ray or ultrasound can help visualize adult worms.
How is Ascaris treated?
Treatment is based on the use of effective anti-helminthic drugs, such as albendazole or mebendazole, to eliminate adult worms. It is also crucial to treat all infected persons in the family circle to avoid reinfections.
How can Ascaris infection be prevented?
Prevention focuses on food and water hygiene and safety. It's essential to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, cook food at adequate temperatures, and drink clean drinking water. Sanitation and hand hygiene also play a key role.
How common is roundworm infection worldwide?
Yes, roundworm is one of the most widespread intestinal parasites in the world, affecting mainly resource-poor regions where access to drinking water and sanitation is limited. Millions of people are infected every year, underscoring the importance of prevention and treatment efforts.
Can Ascaris eggs be seen with the naked eye?
No, Ascaris eggs cannot be seen with the naked eye due to their very small size. They require microscopic examination to be detected. Eggs are excreted in the stools of infected people and can contaminate soil, water and food. This is why stool analysis is essential for the diagnosis of roundworm.
Are children more susceptible to roundworm infection?
Yes, children are particularly vulnerable to Ascaris infection, mainly because their play habits may bring them into contact with contaminated soil. In addition, children tend to put their hands in their mouths without washing them, which increases the risk of ingesting Ascaris eggs. Teaching children the importance of hand hygiene is crucial to preventing infection.
Can Ascaris infection cause long-term complications?
In severe or untreated cases, roundworm can lead to serious complications, such as intestinal obstruction caused by the accumulation of numerous worms. Other complications may include intestinal perforation, pancreatitis or appendicitis. However, with early diagnosis and proper treatment, the risk of long-term complications is considerably reduced.
Q: Is there a vaccine against Ascaris?
There is currently no vaccine against Ascaris. Infection prevention relies on hygienic practices, such as hand washing with soap, proper cleaning and cooking of food, and the use of safe drinking water. Ascaris control also involves environmental sanitation measures to reduce soil contamination.
Q: Is it possible to re-infect oneself with Ascaris after treatment?
Yes, it is possible to become reinfected with Ascaris after a treatment if you are re-exposed to the parasite's eggs. Re-infection is common in areas where Ascaris is endemic, due to the persistence of environmental conditions that favor contamination. It is therefore important to follow ongoing preventive measures, even after successful treatment, to avoid re-infection.
