What is scabies and how is it transmitted?
Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by a parasite, specifically the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. This tiny parasite burrows into the top layer of skin, where it lays eggs. Scabies is transmitted mainly through skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. It is also possible to contract scabies by sharing clothing, bed linen or furniture that has been in contact with an infested person.
What are the symptoms of scabies?
Symptoms of scabies include intense itching, often aggravated at night, accompanied by skin lesions such as red pimples, blisters and fine grayish or white lines on the skin. Commonly affected areas include the spaces between the fingers, wrists, elbows, armpits, genital region, buttocks, and ankles. Itching is caused by an allergic reaction to dust mites, their eggs and droppings.
How is scabies diagnosed?
The diagnosis of scabies is usually confirmed by visualizing the mites, their eggs or droppings under a microscope. A doctor may take a skin sample with a scalpel or needle to examine these signs under the microscope. Sometimes, diagnosis is made on the basis of the patient's symptoms and clinical history, especially in typical cases.
What are the treatment options for scabies?
Scabies treatment involves the use of scabicidal creams or lotions that are applied to the whole body, from the nape of the neck to the feet. These treatments generally include active ingredients such as permethrin, benzyl benzoate orivermectin. It's crucial that all household members and close contacts are also treated, even if they have no symptoms, to prevent reinfestation.
How can scabies transmission be prevented?
To prevent the transmission of scabies, it is advisable to :
What are the potential complications of scabies?
If left untreated, scabies can lead to complications such as secondary bacterial skin infections, like impetigo. These infections can be serious, requiring antibiotic treatment. In addition, prolonged infestation can lead to a severe form known as Norwegian scabies, characterized by a thick, crusty rash that is highly contagious.
Is it possible to catch scabies from a pet?
It is possible to contract a form of mange from animals, called sarcoptic mange, although this type of mange is not completely identical to that which usually affects humans. The mites responsible for scabies in animals, such as dogs and cats, can infect humans, but they don't usually survive long or reproduce on human skin. Symptoms in humans are generally temporary and less severe.
How long does scabies treatment last?
The duration of scabies treatment depends on the medication used. Permethrin is often applied in a single dose, but a second application may be necessary a week later to eliminate any new mite hatching after the first treatment.Ivermectin is generally administered in two oral doses, two weeks apart. It is essential to follow the doctor's instructions to ensure complete eradication of the mites.
Can scabies recur after treatment?
Yes, scabies can recur after treatment if exposure to mites continues. Reinfestation can occur if clothing, bedding and furniture have not been properly cleaned, or if contact with a still-infested person continues. Scrupulously following prevention recommendations and ensuring that all close contacts are also treated is crucial to avoid recurrence.
Are there any specific measures for care facilities?
In care facilities, such as hospitals or retirement homes, specific measures must be taken to control and prevent the spread of scabies. These include isolation of infected individuals, simultaneous treatment of all suspected cases, and rigorous disinfection of clothing and the environment. Caregivers must also wear personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of transmission.
How can I manage the stress and discomfort caused by scabies?
Scabies can be a significant source of stress and discomfort due to the intense itching and social impact associated with infestation. We recommend :
