What is a tendon?
A tendon is a fibrous structure that connects muscles to bones, enabling movement of different parts of the body. Composed mainly of collagen, tendons are both strong and flexible, which is essential for resisting the tensile forces exerted during movement.
How do tendons work?
Tendons play a crucial role in the mechanics of movement. When a muscle contracts, the tendon transmits the force generated by the muscle to the corresponding bone, causing the latter to move. This ability to transfer force is what enables us to perform actions such as running, jumping or grasping objects.
What are the common causes of tendon injuries?
Tendon injuries are frequently due to repetitive wear and tear of the tendons, often observed in athletes or people whose professional activities require repetitive movements. Common causes include :
- Overloading: repetitive movements or excessive loads can inflict continuous stress on the tendon.
- Aging: with age, tendons can become less elastic and more susceptible to injury.
- Postural imbalances: poor posture or body misalignment can increase tension on certain tendons.
How can tendon injuries be prevented?
To prevent tendon injuries, we recommend :
- Warm up before any physical activity to prepare muscles and tendons for exertion.
- Strengthen muscles: strong muscles reduce the load on tendons during movement.
- Improve technique: whether in sport or in everyday activities, using the right technique can reduce the stress on tendons.
- Avoid overloading: adjust the intensity and duration of activities to avoid excessive tendon fatigue.
How are tendon injuries treated?
Treatment of tendon injuries generally depends on the severity of the injury. Options include:
- Rest: avoid activities that strain the injured tendon.
- Ice: apply ice to reduce inflammation and pain.
- Compression and elevation: to reduce swelling.
- Physiotherapy: targeted exercises to restore mobility and strengthen the muscles around the tendon.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs: to reduce pain and inflammation.
- In more serious cases, surgery may be required to repair the damaged tendon.
How important is nutrition for tendon health?
Nutrition plays a key role in tendon health. Consuming sufficient protein is essential, as proteins are the main constituents of collagen, a vital component of tendons. Nutrients such as vitamin C and zinc are also important, as they contribute to collagen synthesis and tissue repair.
What are the different types of tendon and their specific functions?
Tendons vary according to their location and the function of the muscles to which they are attached. Here are a few notable examples:
- Flexor tendons: located in the hands and feet, these tendons help flex the fingers and toes.
- Achilles tendon: connects the calf muscle to the heel and is crucial for running and jumping.
- Patellar tendons: connect the quadriceps muscle to the patella and play an essential role in knee flexion.
How are tendinopathies diagnosed?
Diagnosis of tendinopathy may include :
- Physical examination: the doctor assesses pain and mobility by applying pressure or asking the patient to perform certain movements.
- Medical imaging: techniques such as ultrasound or MRI can be used to visualize the condition of the tendon and identify any ruptures or inflammation.
What role do tendons play in joint stability?
Tendons contribute to joint stability by holding bones in position during movement. They act as passive stabilizers, while muscles provide active stability. Good tendon health is therefore essential to prevent joint dislocation and other complications.
What advanced treatments are available for severe tendinopathy?
In addition to conservative treatments, more advanced options may include:
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections: use the patient's own platelets to stimulate healing of tendon tissue.
- Surgery: in cases where conservative methods fail, surgical interventions may be required to repair torn or severely damaged tendons.
How does physical activity affect tendon health?
Regular physical activity is beneficial for tendons, helping to maintain their elasticity and strength. However, excessive activity or poorly executed movements can lead to overload and injury. A well-balanced exercise program that includes both strengthening and stretching is crucial to keeping tendons healthy.
