Gin seng means "root man" in Chinese, due to the shape of its root, which is reminiscent of the human figure. It was in their quest for immortality that the Chinese selected ginseng, mentioned in Shennong's treatise on fundamental herbs (bencao), dating from the first century of the Han dynasty: ginseng is the root of long life, useful in the fight against senescence. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is one of the tonic remedies indicated for energy deficiency, respiratory difficulties (dyspnea) and asthenia; it is most effective when used as a single remedy. Widely used in China, it is available in all markets and traditional pharmacies at affordable prices, although some boxed versions are prohibitively expensive. For example, to prolong the life of a dying parent while his or her children come to visit, the Chinese can purchase a luxury box containing the long roots and rootlets of a 30-year-old wild ginseng, at prices ranging from 100 to 10,000 euros.
The root also has a long-standing reputation for awakening dormant sexual ardour, and is reputed to stimulate the libido and act as an aphrodisiac.
Ginseng, scientifically known as Panax ginseng, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Asia that has been particularly revered in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Nicknamed the "sovereign essence" and considered a gift from the gods, ginseng is renowned for its multiple therapeutic virtues, notably its ability to revitalize body and mind.
Ginseng belongs to the Araliaceae family. It is characterized by a tuberous root, often compared to the human form, hence its Chinese name "Rén Shēn" meaning "root man". The plant generally measures between 30 and 50 cm in height and features leaves composed of five leaflets arranged in whorls. Its small, discreet flowers give rise to red berries grouped in clusters.
Ginseng is traditionally grown in China, Korea and Japan. Korean ginseng is particularly prized for its superior quality. There is also an American variety, Panax quinquefolius, discovered in the 17th century in North America, notably in Canada and the United States.
Ginseng root is rich in bioactive compounds, mainly ginsenosides, triterpene saponins responsible for its pharmacological effects. There are over 30 types of ginsenosides, including Rg1, Rc, Rd, Rb1, Rb2, Ro and Rh. These molecules possess adaptogenic properties, helping the body to better resist stress and restore physiological balance.
In addition to ginsenosides, ginseng contains polysaccharides, peptides, polyacetylenes and vitamins, contributing to its health benefits.
The root is dispensed in pharmacies or any other retail outlet; it is listed as a medicinal plant in the French Pharmacopoeia and has a control monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia and a Community monograph at the EMA. It is an authorized ingredient in dietary supplements in France.
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