The essential oil of Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) has a distinct phytochemical profile, giving it a multitude of therapeutic properties, widely recognized in phytotherapy and aromatherapy. The oil's spectrum of efficacy is based on its main bioactive components: citronellal, geraniol, neral and citronellol. These molecules have been studied for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, repellent, antispasmodic and other health benefits. Java citronella oil is mainly composed of citronellal, which makes up around 30-40% of the oil, while geraniol and neral are also present in significant proportions. These volatile organic compounds are responsible for the oil's characteristic aroma and therapeutic properties.
Studies show that geranial, neral and geraniol have inhibitory activity against bacteria and viruses, including the pathogenic strains responsible for herpes and fungal infections such as candidiasis. Their action is also recognized against nosocomial infections caused by Candida. These compounds interrupt microbial growth by altering the cell wall of microorganisms, thus preventing their proliferation.
The oil's anti-inflammatory effect is mainly attributed to citronellal, which inhibits the production of inflammatory prostaglandins. This makes it a potential therapeutic option for inflammatory disorders without the gastrointestinal side effects associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Moreover, citronellal's analgesic action suggests an interaction with endogenous opioid pathways, offering pain relief without recourse to conventional opioid drugs.
The geraniol component of the essential oil is particularly effective as a repellent against mosquitoes and other insects, compared with synthetic repellents. Citronella Java essential oil is therefore a natural alternative for protection against disease-carrying insects.
The oil's effectiveness as an antispasmodic is due to its ability to relax smooth muscles, reducing muscle spasms and contractions. This property is exploited in topical application mixed with carrier oils to relieve cramps and muscle pain.
In aromatherapy, Citronella Java essential oil is valued for its general soothing effect on the body. When diffused, it contributes to muscle relaxation and stress reduction, although its application requires appropriate dilution to avoid skin irritation. In addition, the oil has shown anticonvulsant properties via its influence on GABAergic neurotransmission , and immunostimulant properties. It also acts as a decongestant and is recognized for its tonic and stimulating effects.
Java citronella essential oil offers an important therapeutic arsenal for the practice of alternative medicine, especially in the context of natural remedies. Its multiple properties enable it to be used in a variety of pathologies, in particular for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, as well as for its insect repellent potential. However, its use requires in-depth knowledge and careful attention to dosage and application methods, to ensure safe and effective use.
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How to use this essential oil