Joint pain is common (1 in 3 French people), especially during aging, where it is often attributed to osteoarthritis, but a careful investigation must always be carried out to identify the cause.
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With around 400 joints, the human body is a mobile and flexible machine, which usually stays well-oiled until the end of your 50s. From this age, the joints suffer the consequences of aging, in particular the degradation of cartilage and the hardening of certain artricular tissues.
You should know that the joints , which are the points of union between the different bones of the body, are complex structures containing various tissues: connective tissue (support), cartilage, membranes, fluid (synovial fluid), ligaments ...
These are the most common pains in humans, whether acute or chronic, resulting from an inflammatory or traumatic phenomenon. They concern everyone, from the athlete to the sedentary, from the young child to the elderly. Who has never had, depending on his age, stiff neck, lumbago or sprain, muscle cramp, rheumatism or osteoarthritis?
Each articulation is made up of closely related and interdependent elements.
Joint pain is pain associated with damage to one of the components of the joint : the cartilage (the slippery tissue that covers the contacting surfaces of the bones of a joint), the bone under the cartilage (bone under chondral), joint capsule (membrane that surrounds the joint), synovial membrane (lining that lines the interior of the capsule and secretes synovial fluid), meniscus- like structures in some joints and ligaments that connect the joints. muscles to bones.
Usually, joint pain is aroused by movement, including passive (without muscle contraction) and gentle movements of the joint. Pain can even limit this passive movement in some cases (fracture, osteitis). It is therefore necessary to take care that the muscles are completely relaxed to eliminate any awakening of a pain which would otherwise be of muscular or tendon origin (during the reflex contraction of the muscles).
Analgesics, also called analgesics, are used to fight against pain . Those that work at the very site of osteoarthritis pain, that is, the joint, are called peripheral analgesics . Some low dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can also be used for their pain relief.
There are others that affect the way pain is perceived in the brain. They are called central analgesics (tramadol, low dose codeine, etc.). They have a better action than the previous ones and should be offered only if the peripheral analgesics have failed to relieve the pain.
"Strong" central analgesics are very rarely needed in osteoarthritis. If the doctor has to prescribe them, he will do so according to very strict rules of use.
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, house brands) and naproxen (Aleve, house brands) are two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) available without a prescription. In addition to reducing pain like acetaminophen, they also work on inflammation (swelling). They are a good choice for relieving the symptoms of RA and osteoarthritis.
NSAIDs can be irritating to the stomach, so it is important to always take them with food and never exceed the recommended dose and frequency. NSAIDs may not be suitable for some people (including people with heart disease, digestive problems, or kidney failure). Therefore, if you have any health problems, you should check with the pharmacist or doctor before taking it.
Topical NSAIDs can also be used to relieve osteoarthritis, depending on the area affected. Diclofenac gel (Voltaren emulgel®) is available without a prescription. It decreases pain and inflammation locally and is poorly absorbed in the blood, which gives it fewer side effects and contraindications than NSAIDs taken orally. It is still important to discuss its use with your healthcare professional.
Physical activity is the basis of the management of osteoarthritis and it complements that of RA. The simple fact of moving the affected joint brings benefits in terms of pain reduction and increased mobility. When exercise is accompanied by weight loss , the benefits are even greater since a reduction in the load on the affected joint, such as the knee, reduces the symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Heat therapy can help relieve pain. It is recommended that a warm compress (eg, a “magic” bag or hot water bottle) be applied to the sore area for 10 to 15 minutes, repeating every 1 to 2 hours for a few days. A hot bath can also provide some relief. Before applying heat, make sure that you do not have any contraindications to this therapy by consulting a healthcare professional.
The practice of different techniques called "cognitive" can be done in order to break the cycle of pain. Muscle relaxation exercises help, among other things, to make certain movements less painful and easier to perform, while relaxation exercises lower the level of stress caused by pain.
Finally, it is important to fight fatigue, one of the symptoms of chronic pain. If you have trouble sleeping, talk to your pharmacist. They can give you tips to improve your sleep hygiene and make sure your medication is well suited for pain relief at night.
