During the winter months, three quarters of the population suffer from this mild respiratory condition caused by a virus. Except in cases of superinfection, it heals spontaneously within a week. The common cold of viral origin should not be confused with hay fever or allergic rhinitis.
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To avoid spending the winter in your bed, know how to prevent and fight all the little ailments that poison you: cough, sore throat, runny nose, ear infections, bronchitis, flu-like.
Rhinoviruses are the main infectious agents of the common cold, belonging to the picornaviridae family. These viruses are common in temperate countries, especially in the winter season. There are over 100 serotypes. These are naked viruses (more resistant than enveloped viruses), with RNA.
Contamination of the nasal cavity with rhinoviruses or coronaviruses activates several factors of inflammation , including histamine. The activation of the parasympathetic nervous system is thought to be the cause of the nasal discharge. These viruses are very contagious, they are transmitted from one person to another by direct contact between individuals, by inhalation of micro droplets in the air (sneezing), or by contact with a contaminated object.
The common cold or nasopharyngitis is a benign condition of the respiratory tract characterized by a runny nose and / or a feeling of a stuffy nose.
Symptoms of the flu are very similar to those of the flu or other acute infectious diseases: fever, headache, discharge, nasal congestion, chills, fatigue, mild body aches, sneezing.
The most unpleasant and common symptoms of a viral cold (commonly known as a head cold) are a runny and blocked nose, along with sneezing. The liquid which flows is initially limpid; it often becomes thicker and purulent after a few days. At this point, the nose becomes blocked easily. Other symptoms appear frequently, a tickle or even a burning sensation in the nose, a more or less pronounced loss of smell and taste, or even fever.
In children, the common cold is most often nasopharyngitis .
The common cold usually progresses towards recovery without complications. When the mucous membrane is strongly inflamed or the natural defenses weakened, other respiratory diseases can occur in the upper passages (tracheitis, bronchitis), the sinuses or the middle ear. Infections can then set in and cause various diseases, such as sinusitis or otitis.
(Source: https://www.vidal.fr/maladies/nez-gorge-oreilles/rhume-rhinite.html )
In the event of a temperature above 38 ° C or a headache, taking a medicine against fever and pain ( paracetamol , aspirin , NSAIDs, etc.) may be sufficient.
The solutions of physiological serum or sea water , sold in pharmacies and drugstores, make it possible to wash and clear the nose effectively. They can be used several times a day depending on the nasal congestion. For washing the nose, prefer products packaged in single doses.
Antibacterial nasal solutions can disinfect the nose. Once opened, they can be contaminated with germs. Do not keep them beyond the duration of treatment. Solutions for inhalation containing plant essences (eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor, etc.) help decongest the respiratory tract.
Nasal solutions containing a decongestant vasoconstrictor (alone or in combination with an antiseptic or an anti-inflammatory) are sometimes prescribed as a short-term adjunct of colds in adults. Only available on prescription, these nasal solutions expose to a risk of chronic rhinitis if the dosage is not respected. Their use should be limited to a maximum of 5 days . In addition, repeated sprays can cause the vasoconstrictor to pass through the blood more and cause palpitations, nausea or headaches. These drugs should never be combined with another drug containing a vasoconstrictor (nasal or oral): such a combination is unnecessary and dangerous. For the most part, they have not been reimbursed by Social Security since September 1, 2012.
Nasal solutions containing corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect on the mucous membranes of the nose. The doctor may prescribe them in certain forms of rhinitis. They are most effective when used after blowing.
If you decide to take cold medicine yourself:
(Source: https://www.vidal.fr/maladies/nez-gorge-oreilles/rhume-rhinite/traitements.html )
If the common cold is associated with a high fever, ear pain, severe headache, or breathing problems. | ||
If the nasal secretions show blood on a regular basis. | ||
If the cold does not give way after ten days. | ||
If the common cold causes very serious discomfort. | ||
If the symptoms are characteristic of a cold, without complications. |
LEGEND |
See a doctor during the day. |
See a doctor in the coming days. |
It is possible to self-medicate. |